Progressive stiffness energy distributing suspension of impact plate

ABSTRACT

Apparatus and associated methods relate to impact dissipating protective garment (IDPG) including impact mitigating support spacers (IMSS) configured to facilitate dissipation impact energy. In an illustrative example, an IDPG includes a base garment and multiple spacers releasably and adjustably coupled to the base garment. In operation, for example, a wearer may wear a protective armor having an armor plate to cover at least part of the base garment. For example, at least some of the IMSS are adjustably positioned to suspend the armor plate at four distinctive points around a periphery of the armor plate. In some implementations, at least 50% of the armor plate is separated from the wearer by an air gap. Various embodiments may advantageously mitigate impact power transferred to the wearer by dissipating excess energy at the suspended armor plate and at the IMSS.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/265,254, titled “MODULAR SELECTIVELY POSITIONABLE SUPPORT SYSTEMS,” filed by Sara Beth Hall on Dec. 10, 2021, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/386,819, titled “Adjustable Impact Diffusion,” filed by Sara Beth Hall on Dec. 9, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/386,828, titled “Articles Evidencing Long-Felt Unmet Need, Industry Skepticism, and Surprising Results,” filed by Sara Beth Hall, on Dec. 9, 2022.

This application incorporates the entire contents of the foregoing application(s) herein by reference.

The subject matter of this application may have common inventorship with and/or may be related to the subject matter of the following:

-   -   PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US2022/072187, titled         “Selectively Positionable Spacer and Garment Attachment         Regions,” filed by Sara Beth Hall, et al., on May 6, 2022;     -   U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/201,607, titled         “Selectively Positionable Spacer and Garment Attachment         Regions,” filed by Sara Beth Hall, et al., on May 6, 2021;     -   PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US2020/065516, titled “Foundation         Garments for Use by Uniformed Personnel”, filed by Sara Beth         Hall on Dec. 17, 2020;     -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/123,569, titled “Foundation         Garments for Use by Uniformed Personnel,” filed by Sara Beth         Hall, on Dec. 16, 2020; and     -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/948,970, titled         “Foundation Garments for Use by Uniformed Personnel,” filed by         Sara Beth Hall on Dec. 17, 2019.

This application incorporates the entire contents of the foregoing application(s) herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments relate generally to protective functional garments and accessories.

BACKGROUND

Military personnel may carry various equipment. For example, members of field units may carry 50 or more pounds of equipment. Some personnel may carry greater than 80 pounds of equipment. Equipment may, for example, be carried in packs. For example, some personnel may wear backpacks, front packs, and/or side packs.

In some cases, military personnel may also wear body armor on duty. The body armor may include a protective armor designed to stop physical attacks. There are, for example, regular non-plated body armor for moderate to substantial protection, and hard-plate reinforced body armor. For example, a combat soldier may wear a protective vest with a rigid plate made of steel or other shock absorbent, energy dissipating, and/or energy absorbing materials to protect against physical attack (e.g., ballistic projectiles).

Different military branches and/or units may carry various equipment and/or be specialized for various environments. For example, marine-based units may carry some equipment. Paratrooper units may have other equipment. Tank units may have other equipment. Police personnel may have yet other equipment.

SUMMARY

Apparatus and associated methods relate to impact-dissipating protective garments (IDPGs) including impact mitigating support spacers (IMSS) configured to facilitate dissipation of impact energy. In an illustrative example, an IDPG includes a base garment and multiple spacers releasably and adjustably coupled to the base garment. In operation, for example, a wearer may wear a protective armor having an armor plate to cover at least part of the base garment. For example, at least some of the IMSS are adjustably positioned to suspend the armor plate at four distinctive points around a periphery of the armor plate. In some implementations, at least 50% of the armor plate is separated from the wearer by an air gap. Various embodiments may advantageously mitigate impact power transferred to the wearer by dissipating excess energy at the suspended armor plate and at the IMSS.

Various embodiments may achieve one or more advantages. For example, some embodiments may include flexible IMSS such that relative motion towards the living body may advantageously be reduced. Some embodiments, for example, may include progressively stiff IMSS to advantageously minimize impact transferred to the wearer. For example, some embodiments may advantageously deform a penetrating projectile to prevent complete penetration of the armor plate to protect the wearer. In some implementations, for example, an IPDG and IMSS system may, for example, advantageously deform a penetrating projectile to reduce total penetration distance after impact, even if an armor plate is breached (e.g., reducing or preventing injury to a wearer and/or nearby living bodies). Some embodiments may, for example, include protrusions that buckle upon receiving an impact larger than a predetermined threshold to advantageously dissipate energy received at the IMSS.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to modular selectively positionable support systems (MSPSS) having selectively positionable spacers. In an illustrative example, a spacer may be configured with concentric rings of support protrusions separated by concentric channels. The channels may, for example, be in fluid communication by apertures in the concentric rings of support protrusions. The spacers may be releasably and selectively positioned on a base garment. In some embodiments the spacers may be releasably and selectively positioned on a harness. The harness may include a handle configured to support substantially all of a human's weight and associated body-worn equipment. In some embodiments multiple spacers may be assembled into an outer shell. In some embodiments the spacers may be configured of a lightweight material such as airbags and/or foam. Various embodiments may advantageously increase comfort of emergency and/or military personnel in deployment suits of substantial weight.

The details of various embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary impact dissipating protective garment (IDPG) employed in an illustrative use-case scenario.

FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, FIG. 2D and FIG. 2E are schematic diagrams depicting various embodiments of an exemplary impact mitigating suspension spacers (IMSS).

FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C, FIG. 3D, FIG. 3E, and FIG. 3F depict exemplary experimental results of a rigid impact plate with and without support of exemplary IMSS as described with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E.

FIG. 3G and FIG. 3H depict exemplary experimental results of a rigid impact plate with different IMSS configurations as disclosed at least with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG. 4D depict various exemplary shapes of IMSS.

FIG. 5A, 5B, and FIG. 5C depict exemplary embodiments of an IMSS.

FIG. 6 depicts perspective views of an exemplary IMSS.

FIG. 7 depicts a front view, a back view, and a side view, respectively, of the exemplary IMSS with reference to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C depict exemplary embodiments of an IMSS having various embodiments of support protrusions.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B depict an exemplary extended IMSS.

FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary IDPG configured to selectively couple and position IMSS.

FIG. 11 depicts exemplary IMSS releasably coupled to the exemplary garment as described with reference to FIG. 10 .

FIG. 12 depicts exemplary IMSS and exemplary extended IMSS in an illustrative use-case.

FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17A, and FIG. 17B depict an exemplary modular selectively positionable support system (MSPSS) in an illustrative use-case.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

To aid understanding, this document is organized as follows. First, to help introduce discussion of various embodiments, an impact dissipating protective garment (IDPG) is introduced with reference to FIG. 1 . Second, that introduction leads into a description with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E of some exemplary embodiments of impact mitigating suspension spacers (IMSS). Third, with reference to FIGS. 3A-3F, this disclosure turns to a review of experimental data and a discussion of surprising results using the IMSS. Fourth, with reference to FIGS. 4A-9B, the discussion turns to exemplary embodiments that illustrate detailed features of exemplary IMSS. Fifth, and with reference to FIG. 10-12 , this document describes exemplary apparatus and methods useful for releasably and adjustably coupling the IMSS to the IDPG. Sixth, the document introduces an exemplary modular selectively positionable support system (MSPSS) with reference to FIGS. 13-17B. Finally, the document discusses further embodiments, exemplary applications and aspects relating to position adjustable impact mitigating spacers and protective garments.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary impact dissipating protective garment (IDPG 100) employed in an illustrative use-case scenario. In this example, a wearer 105 (e.g., a police officer, a military personnel) is wearing the IDPG 100. The IDPG 100 includes, as shown in this front view, four impact mitigating suspension spacers (IMSS 110) coupled to the IDPG 100 (e.g., releasably coupled). The IMSS 110 are supporting a rigid plate 115. For example, the rigid plate 115 may be an armor plate in a bulletproof vest. For example, the rigid plate 115 may be made of steel. For example, the rigid plate 115 may be made of graphene. For example, the rigid plate 115 may be made of composite materials.

As shown, the IDPG 100 further includes coupling members 120 to couple the IMSS 110 to an outer face of the IDPG 100. In some implementations, the coupling members 120 may include a fastener having, for example, mating surfaces. For example, a first mating surface may be fixedly coupled to the IDPG 100. For example, a second mating surface may be releasably coupled to the IMSS 110. In various implementations, the IMSS 110 may be adjustably coupled to the coupling member 120 along the first mating surface.

In this example, the IMSS 110 suspends the rigid plate 115 such that an air gap is created between the outer face of the IDPG 100 and the rigid plate 115. The IMSS 110, for example, may support the rigid plate 115 such that the rigid plate 115 may naturally hang over a living body of the wearer 105. In some implementations, the IMSS 110 may support the rigid plate 115 at four points at the peripheral of the rigid plate 115. Various exemplary implementations of support contact by the IMSS 110 are described with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E.

In various implementations, the IDPG 100 may reduce an impact to the wearer 105 when a projectile (e.g., a bullet) hits the rigid plate 115. As shown in this example, a bullet 125 is hitting the rigid plate 115 at an impact site 130. For example, upon impact, the bullet 125 may transmit a forward momentum perpendicular to an outer surface of the rigid plate 115. At the impact site 130, for example, because of the air gap between the outer face of the IDPG 100 and the rigid plate 115, the impact from bullet 125 is distributedly dissipated 3600 around the impact site 130 as shown by the arrows around the impact site 130 in FIG. 1 . In some examples, some of the dissipated energy may be transmitted to the IMSS 110. In some implementations, total energy transmitted to the four IMSS 110 may be less than 50% of energy transmitted by the momentum transmitted at the impact site 130. For example, exemplary testing (e.g., as disclosed at least with reference to FIGS. 3A-3H) demonstrates that illustrative implementations advantageously reduce energy (as measured by reduction in back face signature) by 20-84%.

For example, various embodiments suspending an impact plate around a periphery of the plate may advantageously reduce direct impact to a living body wearing the impact plate (e.g., by reducing or preventing deformation of the impact plate from directly impacting the living body). As disclosed herein, embodiments suspending an impact plate around a periphery of the plate may, for example, advantageously and surprisingly alter a deformation of the plate upon impact by a projectile. For example, a depth of penetration may advantageously be reduced (e.g., which may advantageously reduce direct injury to the living body). For example, an area of penetration (e.g., an area of the impact plate responding to the impact) may be dramatically increased (e.g., 2×, 4×, 10×, greater than 10×) when the plate is peripherally supported. The increase area of penetration may, for example, correspond to a dramatic increase in energy dissipated by the plate during impact (e.g., via inelastic, permanent deformation of the plate). For example, depth of penetration times area of penetration may be proportional to energy dissipated through permanent deformation. Accordingly, by way of example and not limitation, implementations peripherally suspending the impact plate may advantageously reduce, dissipate, and/or distribute energy transferred to the human.

As shown, the IMSS 110 may include protrusions 140 extending orthogonal to a base of the IMSS 110. In some implementations, the protrusions 140 may be progressively stiff. As shown in a side view in FIG. 1 , after the bullet 125 impacted the rigid plate 115, represented by an arrow 145, the protrusions 140 may be configured to buckle. Buckling may, for example, advantageously absorb energy received at the IMSS 110. Buckling may, for example, extend the distribution of energy across the IMSS and so to the wearer's body. For example, the IMSS may reduce a pressure felt by the human such as, by way of example and not limitation, by reducing force per area and/or force per time per area. In some implementations, the IMSS 110 may be deformed after receiving the impact energy. In some implementations, the protrusions 140 may flex relative to the base of the IMSS 110 to advantageously dissipate energy and/or progressively increase resistance to displacement of the plate 115 towards the wearer. The protrusions 140 may, by way of example and not limitation, reduce or eliminate chafing of a user during normal wear. For example, in some implementations, lateral stiffness of protrusions of the IMSS may be different than compressive stiffness (e.g., orthogonal to a surface of the wearer's body). This differential stiffness may, for example, advantageously be configured such that the armor (e.g., plate 115) may move relative to the body during normal wear without rubbing the body repeatedly. Such implementations may, for example, advantageously reduce tissue damage due to rubbing.

In some implementations, the IMSS 110 may also be made with flexible material. For example, the IMSS 110 may include a material of Shore A 45-60. In some examples, the IMSS 110 may include a material of Shore A 55-90. In some implementations, the IMSS 110 may, upon receiving a force F₁, the IMSS 110 may flex around the rigid plate 115 (e.g., conform to a surface of the rigid plate 115). The flexure may, for example, advantageously progressively increase area of contact of the rigid plate 115 with the IMSS 110. For example, progressively increasing area of contact may advantageously dissipate more energy. Accordingly, some embodiments may advantageously reduce energy transmitting to the wearer 105.

In this example, the rigid plate 115 may, after receiving an impact of the bullet 125, be deformed by a depth d as shown by a deformed plate 150. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3F, d may be reduced when IMSS 110 is deployed to support the rigid plate 115. In this example, the bullet 125 may be deformed by the rigid plate 115. The suspension of the periphery of the plate 115 may, for example, advantageously enable a greater amount of material of the plate 115 to be engaged in absorbing energy of the bullet 125. For example, a consistent air gap between the rigid plate 115 and the wearer may advantageously enable the rigid plate 115 to distribute the impact energy of the bullet 125 such as, for example, by internal shear stresses and/or tensile stresses distributed across substantially an entirety of the rigid plate.

Substantially an entirety of the plate may, for example, be at least 50% of the surface area of the plate facing the wearer. Substantially an entirety may, for example, be at least 75% of the surface area of the plate. Substantially an entirety may, for example, be at least 90% of the surface area of the plate.

In some examples, the deflection and/or deformation of the plate 150 may decrease a rate of energy transfer from the bullet 125 to the rigid plate 115 and/or the wearer 105. For example, the deflection of the rigid plate 115 to the deformed plate 150 may extend a duration of energy transfer. The decrease rate of energy transfer may, for example, reduce penetrating ability of the bullet 125.

Without being bound to a particular theory, flexure and/or deformation of the rigid plate 115 may, for example, advantageously reduce penetration of the bullet 125 through the rigid plate 115. Accordingly, for example, the bullet 125 may deform from a penetrating shape at the leading edge to a blunter shape. For example, due to effective dissipation of kinetic energy of the bullet 125, the rigid plate 115 may be more likely to stop the bullet 125 by deforming it into a less penetrating shape. For example, without being bound to a particular theory, by increasing a duration of energy transfer, the IDPG 100 may advantageously slow a rate of travel of the bullet 125 into and/or through the rigid plate 115 below a threshold at which material is stripped from a leading edge of the bullet 125. Accordingly, for example, the bullet 125 may collapse on itself (e.g., the trailing edge may continue to travel faster than the leading edge momentarily), which may, for example, advantageously transform the leading edge of the bullet 125 from a penetration geometry to a blunter (e.g., ‘stopping’) geometry that spreads the energy transfer across a greater surface area of the rigid plate 115. Such implementations may, for example, advantageously reduce penetration and save lives.

FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, FIG. 2D and FIG. 2E are schematic diagrams depicting various embodiments of an exemplary impact mitigating suspension spacers (IMSS). As shown in FIG. 2A, a rigid plate 205 is supported by four IMSS 210. For example, the IMSS 210 may include a substantially circular base. For example, the IMSS 210 may be cone shaped that may include a wider base proximal to a base garment (e.g., the IDPG 100) and a narrower top distal to the base garment. For example, the IMSS 210 may be substantially cylindrical. In this example, the rigid plate 205, is a round cornered rectangular plate. The rigid plate 205 may be a sharp cornered rectangular plate as shown in FIGS. 2B-2E. Other shapes (e.g., triangular, square, pentagon, hexagon, eclipse, ‘shield’ shape) of the rigid plate 205 may also be possible in some implementations. In each of the depicted configurations, a corresponding plate (e.g., rigid) is suspended by the IMSS at a minimum of four points around the periphery of the plate.

In some implementations, the IMSS 210 may suspend the rigid plate 205 such that at least half of a surface area facing a living body of a wearer (e.g., the wearer 105) does not directly nor indirectly contact the wearer. For example, suppose the surface area of the rigid plate 205 is R_(RP). For example, the surface area of top surfaces of the IMSS 210 overlapping the rigid plate 205 is R_(IMSS). In some implementations, a suspended (hanging) surface area of the rigid plate 205 may be

$R_{suspend} = {{R_{RP} - R_{IMSS}} > {\frac{R_{RP}}{2}.}}$

For example, the suspended surface area, separated from the wearer by an air gap, may advantageously dissipate energy transferred from a projectile (e.g., the bullet 125) to the rigid plate 205 upon an impact of the projectile. Accordingly, for example, the wearer 105 may receive less energy from the impact. For example, the IDPG 100 may advantageously prevent sores and/or chafing of the wearer 105.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the IMSS 210 is used to suspend a rectangular rigid plate 215. For example, the rectangular rigid plate 215 may have a different shape from the rigid plate 205. In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 1 , the IMSS 210 may advantageously be adjustable in position relative to the IDPG 100 to support various shapes of the rigid plate 115. In this example, the IMSS 210 is fully covered by the rectangular rigid plate 215. However, for example, if

${R_{suspend} = {{R_{RP} - R_{IMSS}} > \frac{R_{RP}}{2}}},$

the suspension of the rectangular rigid plate 215 may also be effective in dissipating impact energy from a projectile.

As shown in FIGS. 2C-2D, the rectangular rigid plate 215 is supported by two extended IMSS 220. As shown, the extended IMSS 220 supports the rectangular rigid plate 215 in two exemplary orientations as shown in FIG. 2C-2D. For example, as depicted, four peripheral points of the rectangular rigid plate 215 may be supported to facilitate effective dissipation of impact energy. For example, geometries shown in FIG. 2C and FIG. 2E may be advantageously used for wearers with extra breast tissue. The IMSS 210 and/or IMSS 220 may advantageously be placed for a specific wearer to create a substantially consistent (e.g., having at least a predetermined minimum air gap thickness) air gap between the wearer's body and the back surface of the plate (e.g., rigid plate 205, rectangular rigid plate 215). The IMSS may, for example, advantageously be placed to maintain an air gap thickness regardless of body surface geometry. In some implementations, other orientations and arrangements may also be possible. For example, as shown in FIG. 2E, the IMSS 210 and the extended IMSS 220 are used to support the rectangular rigid plate 215. Further discussion of various embodiments of the extended IMSS 220 is described with reference to FIG. 11 .

In the depicted example, each plate is supported by IMSSs at four points of contact around the periphery of the plate. Some implementations may, for example, have exactly four points of contact (e.g., individual spacers, multiple contact points along a single longitudinally extending spacer). Some implementations may, for example, have at least four points of contact (e.g., a continually extending spacers may be configured to have at least two points of contact but may also contact, for example, substantially continuously along a length of the spacer). In some implementations, for example, at least four and/or only four points of contact may be at least at each corner of a rigid plate.

In various implementations, a functional garment (e.g., the IDPG 100) may include position-adjustable spacers (e.g., the IMSS 110, the IMSS 210, the extended IMSS 220). For example, the position-adjustable spacers may be configured to be at least partially covered by a rigid plate (e.g., the rigid plate 115, the rigid plate 205, the rectangular rigid plate 215) having an impact-receiving surface. For example, the position adjustable spacers may be positioned around a periphery of the rigid plate such that at least four points of the rigid plate are supported by the spacer. In some implementations, at least 50% of the impact-receiving surface area may be separated from a living body wearing the functional garment by an air gap.

FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C, FIG. 3D, FIG. 3E, and FIG. 3F depict exemplary experimental results of a rigid impact plate with and without support of exemplary IMSS as described with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, two ballistic test results on a APM2 protective plate are shown. FIG. 3A shows a ballistic test result on an APM2 protective plate 305 without IMSS support. FIG. 3B shows a ballistic test result on an APM2 protective plate 310 with IMSS support. As shown, an impact crater of the protective plate 305 is 11.6 mm and an impact crater of the 310 is 30.4 mm. For example, the IMSS 110 suspending the rigid plate 115 may efficiently facilitate spreading an energy transmitted at a projectile impact to a wider area.

FIGS. 3C-3D show exemplary deformation data from a ballistic test of a torso plate (e.g., the protective plate 310) with shock absorbers (FIG. 3C), and a ballistic test of a standalone torso plate (FIG. 3D). For example, the shock absorbers may be the IMSS 110 as described with reference to FIG. 1 . As shown, deformation data 315 in FIG. 3C with respect to different ammunition used are less than corresponding deformation data 320 in FIG. 3D. For example, the deformation data 315, 320 may suggest that the depth d after an impact of a project is reduced when the IMSS 110 are used.

FIGS. 3E-3F show exemplary projectiles after ballistic tests of a torso plate (e.g., the protective plate 310) with shock absorbers (FIG. 3E), and a ballistic test of a standalone torso plate (FIG. 3F). As shown in FIG. 3E, after impact, a projectile 325 is deformed to be blunt. In contrast, a projectile 330 is kept largely its original shape with relatively little deformation compared to the projectile 325. In some implementations, the IDPG 100 may advantageously mitigate penetration power of the projectile by deforming the projectile. For example, the IMSS may advantageously prevent complete penetrations of an armor plate to protect the wearer.

FIG. 3G and FIG. 3H depict exemplary experimental results of a rigid impact plate with different IMSS configurations as disclosed at least with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E. FIG. 3G depicts results 350 of a ballistic impact test in which a projectile was shot at a test dummy with a rigid impact plate having IMSS beneath it. A back face signature (e.g., related to an amount of deformation and/or damage created on a backside of a piece of armor after an impact) created by each of 3 test shots is shown by BFS 355. The first two test shots were made with 5 IMSS (one at each corner under the rigid plate, and one in the center) distributed under the rigid plate (e.g., as disclosed at least with reference to FIG. 12 ). The third test shot was made with 4 IMSS (one at each corner under the rigid plate, such as shown in FIG. 1 , with the plate suspended by the four corners to create a continuous air gap between the plate and the dummy over greater than 50% of the area of the back surface area of the plate).

As shown by the BFS 355 results, the deformation (in millimeters) dropped to about one-third of the previous deformation. Additionally, as shown by the notes 360, the first two tests (SHOT NO. 1 and SHOT NO. 2) resulted in the projectile penetrating the rigid armor and stopping the shoot pack (behind the dummy). In the third test (SHOT NO. 3), with continuous air gap over greater than 50% of the back surface area of the plate, the projectile did not penetrate the armor. Accordingly, the results demonstrate the surprising result that a person who would have died with 5 IMSS (bullet penetrated) would have likely survived with the rigid plate suspended over 4 IMSS (bullet did not penetrate). The test personnel expressed amazement at the results. While expecting the results demonstrated in shots 1 and 2, they were completely surprised by the result in shot 3, and performed additional testing, the results of which are shown in FIG. 3H.

FIG. 3H demonstrates results of additional shots of the test described with respect to FIG. 3G, with the IMSS distributed as described for shot 3. As can be seen, no penetration of the armor by the projectile was noted. The damage to the rigid plate, shown by BFS 370 results, are consistent with the third shot, remaining one-third to one-half of the deformation resulting from the IMSS configuration described with respect to shots 1 and 2 of the test described with respect to FIG. 3G. Accordingly, experimental results demonstrate surprising results achieved by the IMSS distributed around the periphery (e.g., at four distinct contact points) to create a continuous air gap (e.g., greater than 50% of the surface area of the back of the plate) between the rigid plate and the body.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG. 4D depict various exemplary shapes of IMSS. As shown in FIG. 4A, an IMSS 405 with a curved top surface (e.g., a convex curved shape IMSS) is used to suspend the rigid plate 115. In FIG. 4B, an IMSS 410 includes a flat surface. In various implementations, the flat top surface and straight edges may be easier to manufacture. In some examples, different shapes of IMSS may provide different performance and durability against impacting projectiles. As shown in FIG. 4C, a disk like IMSS 415 is used. For example, the IMSS 415 may be made with very flexible and/or elastic material with a durometer less than Shore A 50. In some implementations, an IMSS 415 may be made with a durometer less than Shore A 65 (e.g., configured for equipment support). In various examples, different internal structures of the IMSS may be included.

As shown in FIG. 4D, a honey cone structured IMSS 420 is used to suspend the rigid plate 115. For example, the honey cone structure may advantageously absorb shock and reduce sore upon impact. In various implementations, the IMSS 405, 410, 415, 420 may be progressively stiff upon impact such that impact energy is dissipated within the IMSS before transmitting to a wearer (e.g., the wearer 105).

FIG. 5A, 5B, and FIG. 5C depict exemplary embodiments of an IMSS. As shown in FIG. 5A-5B, an IMSS 500 and an IMSS 505 may, for example, be configured to couple to the base garment (e.g., the IDPG 100). For example, the IMSS 500 may, for example, be formed of silicone. The IMSS 505 may, for example, be made of polyurethane. In some implementations, some IMSS may be made of recycled plasticized Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Various embodiments may, for example, have a density and/or stiffness (e.g., Shore durometer) selected according to targeted support and/or comfort goals. For example, a stiffer material may be selected to support heavier weight. In some embodiments a softer material may be selected to provide increased cushioning.

As shown in FIG. 5C, the IMSS 505 is flexible. In some implementations, the IMSS 505 may flex upon receiving an impact energy. For example, the flexing of the IMSS 505 around a rigid plate may advantageously dissipate energy from transferring to a wearer of the IDPG 100. In some implementations, the IMSS 505 may deform (e.g., elastically, in shear, and/or destructively) along an axis orthogonal to the wearer 105 such that relative motion towards the living body is reduced.

FIG. 6 depicts perspective views of an exemplary IMSS 600. For example, the IMSS 600 may be the IMSS 500 or the IMSS 505 as described with reference to FIGS. 5A-5C. As shown, the IMSS 600 includes a center protrusion 605. Protrusions 610 extend substantially orthogonal to a base of the IMSS 600. As depicted, the protrusions 610 are arranged in subsequent concentric rings. Each ring is separated by concentric channels 615. Each ring of protrusions 610 is fenestrated by radial channels 620. The radial channels 620 connect the concentric channels 615. Accordingly, airflow may be maintained across a plane parallel to the base of the IMSS 600. The IMSS 600 may, for example, space an outer garment and/or pack from a user, thereby maintaining airflow. In some embodiments, the protrusions 610 may flex to provide impact absorbance and/or motion of an external garment and/or pack. For example, the protrusions 610 may flex relative to the base of the IMSS 600 and reduce or eliminate chafing of a user. As depicted, the IMSS 600 includes an outer ring 625.

FIG. 7 depicts a front view, a back view, and a side view of the exemplary IMSS with reference to FIG. 6 . As shown in FIG. 7 , the IMSS 600 includes apertures 705 through the base of the IMSS 600. The apertures 705 may, for example, slidingly receive a coupling member (e.g., the coupling members 120) configured to releasably couple the IMSS 600 to a receiving surface (e.g., the IDPG 100).

The IMSS 600 is provided, in an end view with a monotonically decreasing profile relative to increasing radius from the center protrusion 605. As depicted in FIG. 7 , a profile 710 of the IMSS 600 may be a convex curve relative to the base. For example, the convex curve of the profile 710 may advantageously transmit a load engaging some upper portion of a protrusion 610 towards a center of the base.

FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C depict exemplary embodiments of an IMSS having various embodiments of support protrusions. As shown in FIGS. 8A-8C, top views of various IMSS embodiments are shown. As shown in FIG. 8A, an IMSS 800 includes concentric rings of discontinued protrusions 805. As shown in FIG. 8B, a square IMSS 810 includes “finger” like protrusions 815. For example, the protrusions 815 may be independent and coaxial in shape. As shown in FIG. 8C, a polygonal IMSS 820 is depicted. In this example, the IMSS 820 includes holes 825 and ribs 830. For example, the holes 825 may advantageously facilitate air flow between the wearer 105 and the IMSS 820 to improve comfort. The ribs 830, for example, may be buckled upon receiving an impact energy above a predetermined impact threshold (e.g., 100 foot-pound, 500 foot-pound, 1000 foot-pound).

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B depict an exemplary extended IMSS. An extended IMSS (an EMS 900) includes a center region 910 and two outer regions 915. The center region 910 may, for example, be taller than the outer regions 915. As depicted, each region is domed (e.g., according to the profile 710), such that an overall side profile of the EMS 900 is domed.

FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary IDPG 100 configured to selectively couple and position IMSS 110. The IDPG 100 includes a base garment 1005. The base garment 1005 is provided in the back with vertical coupling modules 1010 and a horizontal coupling module 1015. In some implementations, a base of the IMSS 110 may include a smooth surface against the outer surface of the base garment. For example, at impact, the smooth surface does not deform such that an impact energy transferred to the living body is evenly distributed among an entire surface area of the smooth surface.

In some embodiments, coupling modules may include magnets. In some embodiments coupling modules (e.g., the vertical coupling modules 1010, horizontal coupling module 1015) may include snaps. In some embodiments coupling modules may include hooks and/or loops (e.g., hook-and-loop strip, fastener strips).

FIG. 11 depicts exemplary IMSS releasably coupled to the exemplary garment as described with reference to FIG. 10 . As shown, a front of the base garment 1005 includes vertical coupling modules 1105. The IMSS 110 are coupled to the coupling modules 1105 by coupling members 1110 passed through the apertures 705 and releasably coupled to the vertical coupling modules 1105.

FIG. 12 depicts exemplary IMSS and exemplary extended IMSS in an illustrative use-case. As depicted, at least the two outer regions 915 may be provided with apertures such as disclosed at least with reference to the apertures 705. Each of the outer regions 915 may be coupled by corresponding coupling members 1110 to the vertical coupling modules 1105. As depicted, the EMS 900 may advantageously span across coupling modules. For example, the EMS 900 may span front or back vertical coupling modules to form a chest support. As depicted, the EMS 900 may be configured as a back support. In the depicted example, the EMS 900 may be configured as shoulder support. In some embodiments, as depicted, the EMS 900 may be configured as a lumbar support. In some embodiments, the EMS 900 may be selectively positioned to support a pack and/or other gear as discussed further below with reference to FIGS. 13-17 .

FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , and FIG. 17 depict an exemplary modular selectively positionable support system (MSPSS) in an illustrative use-case. As shown in FIG. 13 , an MSPSS 1300 on a (model) user 1305 includes a base garment 1005. A harness 1310 is disposed over the base garment 1005. Modular spacers 1315 are releasably coupled to the harness 1310. The modular spacers 1315 are positioned to support a pack 1320 spaced away from the user 1305. The modular spacers 1315 may, for example, cushion the pack 1320. The pack 1320 may, for example, hold equipment.

As shown in FIG. 14 , the harness 1310 is releasably coupled by fasteners 1405. As depicted, the fasteners 1405 are snap buckles. For example, the fasteners 1405 may be operated by a user to cross the harness 1310 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 14 ) across the chest and/or around the waist.

The modular spacers 1315 may, for example, be cushioned. The modular spacers 1315 may, for example, include air-filled compartments (e.g., airbags). In some embodiments, the modular spacers 1315 may include silicon pads. In some embodiments the modular spacers 1315 may include urethane pads.

As depicted in FIG. 14 , the base garment 1005 includes multiple coupling modules 1410. Each coupling module 1410 may, for example, be configured to selectively and releasably couple one or more modular spacers 1315 directly to the base garment 1005. As shown in FIG. 15 , the harness 1310 crosses in the back and then crosses under the arms. The harness 1310 under the arms is coupled to a handle 1505 (see, for example, FIG. 3 ).

As depicted in an exemplary scenario 1600 in FIG. 16 , the handle 1505 may, for example, be used to carry the user 1305 by the harness 1310. For example, in an emergency, the user 1305 may be retrieved by another person 1605 via the handle 1505 of the harness 1310. As an illustrative example, a user 1305 may be wounded in a combat scenario. The other person 1605 may grab the handle 1505 and drag the user 1305 out of danger. Accordingly, various embodiments may advantageously increase safety.

As shown in FIG. 17A, in a close-up view of the modular spacers 1315, each of the modular spacers 1315 is provided with two sleeves 1710 (e.g., straps sewed to the back of the spacer). The harness 1310 may be passed through one or more of the sleeves 1710. For example, the sleeves 1710 may releasably and slidably couple the modular spacer 1315 to the harness 1310. In some embodiments multiple harness straps may be passed through the sleeves 1710 of a given spacer. For example, the modular spacer 1315 may be used to couple two or more straps of the harness 1310. A position of the modular spacer 1315 may, for example, be adjusted by sliding the harness 1310 through the sleeves 1710.

As depicted in FIG. 17B, the modular spacer 1315 includes a coupling module 1715. For example, the coupling module 1715 may include hook and/or loop fabric. The coupling module 1715 may, for example, be used to releasably couple the modular spacer 1315 to the base garment 1005. For example, a user 1305 may position the harness 1310 and/or the modular spacers 1315 in a desired configuration (e.g., for maximum support and/or comfort) and releasably couple the modular spacers 1315 to the base garment 1005 by engaging the coupling module(s) 1715 to corresponding coupling module(s) 1410.

As depicted in FIGS. 13-17B, the modular spacer 1315 may be constructed of a shell. For example, the shell may be fabric. In some embodiments a fabric shell may be configured to receive multiple spacers. The shell may be configured to support multiple spacers in a predetermined spatial relationship. In the depicted example, the modular spacer 1315 may be configured to receive multiple individual spacers 1720, as shown in the right view of FIG. 17B. The spacer 1720 may correspond, by way of example and not limitation, to an IMSS 110 or an EMS 900 (disclosed at least with reference to FIGS. 1-9 ). In some implementations, the modular spacers 1315 may be a combination of the IMSS 110 and/or the EMS 900. For example, the modular spacers 1315 may include the IMSS 110 and/or the EMS 900 fitted into a pocket (as depicted). In some examples, the modular spacers 1315 may be a standalone EMS 900 without a container shell. In some embodiments, the spacer 1720 may correspond to at least a portion of an airbag. In some embodiments the spacer 1720 may correspond to at least a portion of a foam pad.

Although various embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, other embodiments are possible.

In some implementations, the wearer 105 may be other living bodies. For example, the IDPG 100 may be deployed on dogs on duty of security missions or policing missions. In various implementations, the IDPG 100 may advantageously protect and reduce damage to the living body wearing the IDPG 100.

Although an exemplary system has been described with reference to FIG. 1 , other implementations may be deployed in other industrial, scientific, medical, commercial, and/or residential applications.

In some embodiments, a garment, harness, and/or modular spacer may, for example, be hydrophobic. Such embodiments may, for example, advantageously repel and/or shed water. Such embodiments may, for example, advantageously reduce or eliminate additional weight after wetting of the user wearing the garment, harness, and/or spacer(s). In an illustrative example, a user carrying heavy packs (e.g., a special operation military personnel) may be carrying greater than 70 pounds of gear and have to go through rain or a body of water. Hydrophobic garment, harness, and/or modular spacer may advantageously prevent additional weight being added by the water.

In some embodiments, the harness, garment, and/or spacer (IMSS) may be fire retardant. For example, such embodiments may advantageously prevent fire from spreading due to incendiaries (e.g., gunfire, shrapnel). For example, if a plane goes down or a user is shot, fire retardant construction may prevent the harness, garment, and/or spacer from melting to or burning on the user's body. In some embodiments, for example, a fire-retardant coating may be applied to a spacer.

In some embodiments, the base garment may be omitted. For example, the harness 1310 may be used without the base garment. In some embodiments the base garment 1005 may, for example, be used without the harness 1310.

In some embodiments, by way of example and not limitation, the base garment 1005 may, for example, be configured as a compression garment. For example, the base garment 1005 may apply compression to the wearer. The compression may, for example, advantageously distribute a force of impact of a projectile striking a wearer (e.g., impact reduced by a bullet proof vest may be advantageously distributed by the compression garment).

In some implementations, an IMSS may be configured to be strategically placed to transfer force to a target body region. For example, the IMSS may be placed to reduce or prevent transfer of impact energy to a sensitive region of a living body. For example, the IMSS may be placed to transfer force to energy dissipating musculature and/or skeletal tissue.

In some implementations, an IMSS system may be disposed peripherally to a expanse of material (e.g., rigid plate, soft body armor) to suspend the material to create a continuous air gap behind at least 50% of the material. In some implementations, for example, the air gap may be continuous across at least 40% of a surface area of the material facing a living body wearing the material. In some examples, the air gap may be continuous across at least 30% of the surface area facing the living body.

In some implementations, IMSS may be distributed peripherally to target impact regions to create multiple air gap regions under a single material (e.g., plate, gear, garment). Each air gap may, for example, be centered around an expected incoming force (e.g., impact).

Although various embodiments have been described with reference to rigid armor, other embodiments are possible. For example, some embodiments may be configured to suspend soft armor (e.g., para-aramid woven armor). The armor may, for example, include tensile elements (e.g., tensile threads in a radial pattern, metal straps and/or other reinforcement) to distribute a force of impact across the armor ‘plate’ (e.g., fabric expanse) to IMSSs. In some implementations, multiple suspension regions may be provided.

In some implementations, IMSS may be configured to support, by way of example and not limitation, sports gear. In some examples, IMSS may be configured to support carried gear (e.g., backpacks). The IMSS may, for example, advantageously suspend the carried gear for comfort and/or to reduce injury (e.g., from falling). In some implementations, IMSS may be configured to support construction safety equipment (e.g., helmets).

In some implementations, IMSS may be configured to protect extremities (e.g., arms, legs, head). For example, IMSSs may be configured around the periphery of a potential impact region. A protective covering (e.g., rigid plate, soft protective covering) may be suspended over the IMSSs. In some implementations, the IMSS and protective covering system may include a base garment. In some implementations, the system may be configured for airflow and/or weight distribution (e.g., creating an air gap without a particular potential impact region).

In some implementations, a custom configuration may be provided. For example, an ideal impact dissipation location(s) of a living body (e.g., a species, a gender, an individual) may be determined. In some implementations, a scan of the body may be performed (e.g., optical, ultrasound, radiographic, magnetic). In some implementations, an impact receiving structure (e.g., rigid plate, soft body armor) may be determined. Once a target impact dissipation locations is determined, a minimum impact transfer surface area may be determined. A maximum rate of energy transfer may, for example, be determined. IMSSs may, for example, be configured (e.g., geometry, footprint, elasticity, stiffness) to meet the predetermined impact transfer surface area and/or the maximum rate of energy transfer. A garment may, for example, be configured based on the IMSS(s) and/or the target impact dissipation locations. For example, the garment may have predetermined coupling locations of the IMSS. In some implementations, for example, visual indicia may be applied to the garment based on customized target impact locations for a specific person.

For example, a computer system may take in parameters (e.g., type of living body, age, gender, height, weight, body scan information, armor type) and automatically determine placement and/or IMSS characteristics. For example, the computer system may advantageously select one or more predetermined IMSSs based on the inputs. The computer system may, for example, apply a machine learning model trained on historical data (e.g., IMSS locations, IMSS characteristics, armor type, living body characteristics, impact outcomes, test results) to determine the IMSS configuration and/or placement. The computer system may, for example, generate visual indicia based on the IMSS configuration (e.g., selection of predetermined IMSS) and/or target locations on the living body. Accordingly, for example, a wearer may quickly put on a customized IMSS configuration for their body.

In some embodiments a modular spacer may, for example, be constructed of polyester. In various embodiments, a (modular) spacer may, for example, be formed of an insulated material. In some embodiments, the modular spacer may be constructed of a foam. For example, in some embodiments, the modular spacers 1315 may include foam spacers and/or an air pouch inside a (fabric) shell. Such embodiments may, for example, advantageously provide minimal additional weight. The outer (fabric) shell may, for example, be selectively closable such that the inner spacer core may be replaced (e.g., according to a planned excursion and/or user preferences). In some implementations, the modular spacers 1315 may include IMSS of different materials.

In some embodiments, a modular spacer may, for example, be constructed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) product. For example, some embodiments may be constructed of silicone.

Various embodiments may include an upper body support collar. For example, some embodiments may provide a collar with a relatively high-density modular spacer. For example, the modular spacer for the collar may be of a higher density for the collar than spacers positioned about the rest of the body. The collar may, for example, be configured to be positioned substantially at least on an upper portion of each of the vertical coupling modules 1105 on the front of the body and passing behind the user's neck corresponding substantially to the horizontal coupling module 1015.

In some embodiments, by way of example and not limitation, the upper body support collar may be implemented on a bomb suit. For example, distribution of weight in a modern bomb suit may be highest from the waist up and around the back of the wearer. The upper body support collar may, for example, provide a dense collar and a (square) support spacer that supports some of the weight. The upper body support collar may space some of the weight upwards off of the user's arms (e.g., the shoulders). Accordingly, such embodiments may advantageously increase a range of motion of a wearer's arms by about 8 inches.

In some embodiments, spacers may be pre-chilled. For example, a typical deployment duration in an explosive suit may be about 1 hour. A spacer material (e.g., for making the IMSS 110 or the EMS 900) may be temperature responsive. For example, the spacer material may be configured such that it may be chilled to at least 32° F. In some embodiments, temperature-responsive material may include TPU. In some embodiments, the temperature-responsive material may retain flexibility (e.g., the material may still be able to be rolled, compressed, and/or folded) in a chilled (e.g., <32° F.) state. Such embodiments may, for example, increase comfort of a user during deployment in a heavy and/or occlusive suit. In various such embodiments, deployment duration without overheating a user may be advantageously extended by, by way of example and not limitation, 10-15 minutes.

In various embodiments a spacer may, for example, be instrumented. For example, at least one sensor may be embedded in a spacer. A cavity may be formed in the spacer in some embodiments. For example, a cavity may be formed in the center protrusion 805. A cavity may, for example, be formed in a bottom (base) surface of the IMSS 110. Sensors may, for example, be configured to detect heart rate. In some embodiments sensors may be configured to detect breath sounds.

In some embodiments, electronic attachments may be embedded. Electric conduits may be provided in the base garment 1005. The sensors may be releasably coupled. For example, pluggable connectors may be operated by a user to attach two or more connectors. In some embodiments, connection may be made automatically by bringing couplers of the sensor(s) in the spacer and the conduit on the base garment into electrical communication when the spacer is releasably coupled to the base garment. In some embodiments, sensor(s) may, for example, be wirelessly coupled to one or more computing unit(s).

In some embodiments, a communication unit may be embedded in an IMSS. For example, the IMSS may be configured to be shoulder-mounted (e.g., as disclosed at least with reference to FIG. 12 ). In some embodiments, the communication unit may include a sensor. The sensor(s) may detect audio. In some embodiments the sensor may be configured to detect jaw motion without audio. A connected communication unit may determine words corresponding to the jaw motion and generate one or more corresponding signals (e.g., corresponding to text, audio). The communication unit may transmit one or more signals. Some such embodiments may advantageously enable communication without audible sound, which may, for example, increase user safety in a combat and/or stealth situation.

In various embodiments, some bypass circuit implementations may be controlled in response to signals from analog or digital components, which may be discrete, integrated, or a combination of each. Some embodiments may include programmed, programmable devices, or some combination thereof (e.g., PLAs, PLDs, ASICs, microcontroller, microprocessor), and may include one or more data stores (e.g., cell, register, block, page) that provide single or multi-level digital data storage capability, and which may be volatile, non-volatile, or some combination thereof. Some control functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination of any of them.

Computer program products may contain a set of instructions that, when executed by a processor device, cause the processor to perform prescribed functions. These functions may be performed in conjunction with controlled devices in operable communication with the processor. Computer program products, which may include software, may be stored in a data store tangibly embedded on a storage medium, such as an electronic, magnetic, or rotating storage device, and may be fixed or removable (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, thumb drive, CD, DVD).

Although an example of a system, which may be portable, has been described with reference to the above figures, other implementations may be deployed in other processing applications, such as desktop and networked environments.

Temporary auxiliary energy inputs may be received, for example, from chargeable or single use batteries, which may enable use in portable or remote applications. Some embodiments may operate with other DC voltage sources, such as batteries, for example. Alternating current (AC) inputs, which may be provided, for example from a 50/60 Hz power port, or from a portable electric generator, may be received via a rectifier and appropriate scaling. Provision for AC (e.g., sine wave, square wave, triangular wave) inputs may include a line frequency transformer to provide voltage step-up, voltage step-down, and/or isolation.

In some implementations, one or more user-interface features may be custom configured to perform specific functions. Various embodiments may be implemented in a computer system that includes a graphical user interface and/or an Internet browser. To provide for interaction with a user, some implementations may be implemented on a computer having a display device. The display device may, for example, include an LED (light-emitting diode) display. In some implementations, a display device may, for example, include a CRT (cathode ray tube). In some implementations, a display device may include, for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display). A display device (e.g., monitor) may, for example, be used for displaying information to the user. Some implementations may, for example, include a keyboard and/or pointing device (e.g., mouse, trackpad, trackball, joystick), such as by which the user can provide input to the computer.

In various implementations, the system may communicate using suitable communication methods, equipment, and techniques. For example, the system may communicate with compatible devices (e.g., devices capable of transferring data to and/or from the system) using point-to-point communication in which a message is transported directly from the source to the receiver over a dedicated physical link (e.g., fiber optic link, point-to-point wiring, daisy-chain). The components of the system may exchange information by any form or medium of analog or digital data communication, including packet-based messages on a communication network. Examples of communication networks include, e.g., a LAN (local area network), a WAN (wide area network), MAN (metropolitan area network), wireless (e.g., cellular, direct satellite communication, satellite network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and/or optical networks, the computers and networks forming the Internet, or some combination thereof. Other implementations may transport messages by broadcasting to all or substantially all devices that are coupled together by a communication network, for example, by using omni-directional radio frequency (RF) signals. Still other implementations may transport messages characterized by high directivity, such as RF signals transmitted using directional (i.e., narrow beam) antennas or infrared signals that may optionally be used with focusing optics. Still other implementations are possible using appropriate interfaces and protocols such as, by way of example and not intended to be limiting, USB 2.0, Firewire, ATA/IDE, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, 802.11 a/b/g, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, IrDA, FDDI (fiber distributed data interface), token-ring networks, multiplexing techniques based on frequency, time, or code division, or some combination thereof. Some implementations may optionally incorporate features such as error checking and correction (ECC) for data integrity, or security measures, such as encryption (e.g., WEP) and password protection.

In various embodiments, the computer system may include Internet of Things (IoT) devices. IoT devices may include objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT devices may be in-use with wired or wireless devices by sending data through an interface to another device. IoT devices may collect useful data and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.

Various examples of modules may be implemented using circuitry, including various electronic hardware. By way of example and not limitation, the hardware may include transistors, resistors, capacitors, switches, integrated circuits, other modules, or some combination thereof. In various examples, the modules may include analog logic, digital logic, discrete components, traces and/or memory circuits fabricated on a silicon substrate including various integrated circuits (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs), or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, the module(s) may involve execution of preprogrammed instructions, software executed by a processor, or some combination thereof. For example, various modules may involve both hardware and software.

In an illustrative aspect, a protective suit may, for example, include a base garment, multiple spacers releasably coupled to an outer surface of the base garment, and a protective armor including an armor plate covering at least part of the base garment. At least some of the spacers may, for example, be adjustably positioned to suspend a region of the armor plate at four or more points around a periphery of the region. The suspended region may, for example, include at least 50% of an area of an inner surface of the armor plate. The suspended region may, for example, be separated from the living body by a continuous air gap. The suspended region may, for example, be configured such that, upon impact by a projectile colliding with the armor plate, impact power transferred from the projectile is redistributed across the suspended region of armor plate before being transmitted to the living body via the spacers supporting the armor plate.

The protective suit may, for example, include a first side of a fastener strip fixed coupled to the outer surface of the base garment. Each of the spacers may, for example, include at least two apertures configured to be releasably coupled to a second side of a fastener strip, such that each of the spacers is adjustably and releasably coupled along the first side of the fastener strip on the outer surface of the base garment. The fastener strip may, for example, include a hook-and-loop strip.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include a wider bottom surface area at a proximal end to the outer surface of the base garment. The bottom surface area may be at least 4 square inches.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include a cone shape.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include protrusions extending orthogonal to a base of the spacer. Each protrusion may be configured such that, when a projectile impacts the armor plate such that an impact force is exerted at the spacers supporting the armor plate under impact, a stiffness of the spacers in a direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the armor plate progressively increases as the protrusions are compressed.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include a smooth surface against the outer surface of the base garment, wherein, at impact, the smooth surface does not deform such that an impact energy transferred to the wearer is distributed among an entire surface area of the smooth surface.

The spacers may, for example, include concentric rings of protrusions separated by concentric channels. The channels may be in fluid communication by apertures in the concentric rings of protrusions.

The spacers supporting the armor plate may be configured to deflect, upon receiving kinetic energy transferred from the impact at the armor plate, against the back of the armor plate such that motion of the plate relative to the wearer is reduced.

The spacers may, for example, include recycled plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The spacers may be of a material having a durometer between Shore A 45 to Shore A 60. The spacers may, for example, include silicone. The spacers may, for example, include polyurethane.

In an illustrative aspect, a functional garment may, for example, include multiple spacers releasably coupled to an outer surface of a functional garment. At least some of the spacers may, for example, be adjustably positioned to suspend a region of the armor plate by at least four points around a periphery of the suspended region, such that an inner surface of the armor plate covers at least part of the outer surface of the functional garment, wherein the suspended region comprises at least 50% of an area of the inner surface of the armor plate and is separated from a living body of a wearer by an air gap such that, upon impact by a projectile colliding with the armor plate, impact power transferred from the projectile is redistributed across the suspended region of armor plate before being transmitted to the living body via the spacers supporting the armor plate.

The functional garment may, for example, include a first side of a fastener strip fixed coupled to the outer surface of the functional garment. Each of the spacers may, for example, include at least two apertures configured to be releasably coupled to a second side of a fastener strip, such that each of the spacers is adjustably and releasably coupled along the first side of the fastener strip on the outer surface of the functional garment. The fastener strip may, for example, include a hook-and-loop strip.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include a wider bottom surface area at a proximal end to the outer surface of the functional garment. The bottom surface area may be at least 4 square inches. The spacers may, for example, include a cone shape.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include protrusions extending orthogonal to the living body. Each protrusion may be configured such that, when a projectile impacts the armor plate, wherein an impact force is exerted orthogonal to the living body at the spacers supporting the armor plate under impact, a stiffness of the spacers in a direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the armor plate progressively increases as the protrusions are compressed.

One or more of the spacers may, for example, include a smooth surface against the outer surface of the functional garment, wherein, at impact, the smooth surface does not deform such that an impact energy transferred to the living body is distributed among an entire surface area of the smooth surface.

The spacers may, for example, include concentric rings of protrusions separated by concentric channels. The channels may be in fluid communication by apertures in the concentric rings of protrusions.

The spacers supporting the armor plate may be configured to deflect, upon receiving kinetic energy transferred from the impact at the armor plate, against the back of the armor plate such that motion of the plate relative to the wearer is reduced.

The spacers may, for example, include plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The spacers may, for example, include recycled material. The spacers may be made from a material having a durometer between Shore A 45 to Shore A 60. The spacers may, for example, include silicone. The spacers may, for example, include polyurethane. The spacers may, for example, include multiple spacer materials.

The spacers may, for example, include at least one elongated spacer configured to engage at least two contact points.

The at least four points of contact may, for example, include four distinct points of contact.

The base garment may, for example, include a harness. The spacers may be releasably coupled to the harness. The harness may, for example, include a handle configured to support a weight of the living body.

At least one of the spacers may, for example, include multiple spacer modules.

The at least one of the spacers may, for example, include a housing. The spacer modules may be disposed in the housing such that the spacer modules are releasably coupled to the garment by the housing.

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. For example, advantageous results may be achieved if the steps of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different sequence, or if components of the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner, or if the components were supplemented with other components. Accordingly, other implementations are contemplated within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A protective suit comprising: a base garment; a plurality of spacers releasably coupled to an outer surface of the base garment; and, a protective armor comprising an armor plate covering at least part of the base garment, wherein: at least some of the plurality of spacers are adjustably positioned to suspend a region of the armor plate at four or more points around a periphery of the region, wherein the suspended region comprises at least 50% of an area of an inner surface of the armor plate, and the suspended region is separated from the living body by a continuous air gap such that, upon impact by a projectile colliding with the armor plate, impact power transferred from the projectile is redistributed across the suspended region of the armor plate before being transmitted to the living body via the plurality of spacers supporting the armor plate.
 2. The protective suit of claim 1, further comprising a first side of a fastener strip fixed coupled to the outer surface of the base garment, and wherein: each of the plurality of spacers comprises at least two apertures configured to be releasably coupled to a second side of a fastener strip, such that each of the plurality of spacers is adjustably and releasably coupled along the first side of the fastener strip on the outer surface of the base garment.
 3. The protective suit of claim 2, wherein the fastener strip comprises a hook-and-loop strip.
 4. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a wider bottom surface area at a proximal end to the outer surface of the base garment, wherein the bottom surface area is at least 4 square inches.
 5. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a cone shape.
 6. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises protrusions extending orthogonal to a base of the spacer, each protrusion is configured such that, when a projectile impacts the armor plate such that an impact force is exerted at the spacers supporting the armor plate under impact, a stiffness of the spacers in a direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the armor plate progressively increases as the protrusions are compressed.
 7. The protective suit of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a smooth surface against the outer surface of the base garment, wherein, at impact, the smooth surface does not deform such that an impact energy transferred to the wearer is distributed among an entire surface area of the smooth surface.
 8. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises concentric rings of protrusions separated by concentric channels, wherein the channels are in fluid communication by apertures in the concentric rings of protrusions.
 9. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spacers supporting the armor plate is configured to deflect, upon receiving kinetic energy transferred from the impact at the armor plate, against the back of the armor plate such that motion of the plate relative to the wearer is reduced.
 10. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises recycled plasticized polyvinyl chloride, and a durometer of the plurality of spacers is between Shore A 45 to Shore A
 60. 11. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises silicone.
 12. The protective suit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises polyurethane.
 13. A functional garment comprising: a plurality of spacers releasably coupled to an outer surface of a functional garment, wherein at least some of the plurality of spacers are adjustably positioned to suspend a region of the armor plate by at least four points around a periphery of the suspended region, such that: an inner surface of the armor plate covers at least part of the outer surface of the functional garment, wherein the suspended region comprises at least 50% of an area of the inner surface of the armor plate and the suspended region is separated from a living body of a wearer by an air gap such that, upon impact by a projectile colliding with the armor plate, impact power transferred from the projectile is redistributed across the suspended region of armor plate before being transmitted to the living body via the plurality of spacers supporting the armor plate.
 14. The functional garment of claim 13, further comprising a first side of a fastener strip fixed coupled to the outer surface of the functional garment, and wherein: each of the plurality of spacers comprises at least two apertures configured to be releasably coupled to a second side of a fastener strip, such that each of the plurality of spacers is adjustably and releasably coupled along the first side of the fastener strip on the outer surface of the functional garment.
 15. The functional garment of claim 14, wherein the fastener strip comprises a hook-and-loop strip.
 16. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a wider bottom surface area at a proximal end to the outer surface of the functional garment, wherein the bottom surface area is at least 4 square inches.
 17. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a cone shape.
 18. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises protrusions extending orthogonal to the living body, each protrusion is configured such that, when a projectile impacts the armor plate, wherein an impact force is exerted orthogonal to the living body at the spacers supporting the armor plate under impact, a stiffness of the spacers in a direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the armor plate progressively increases as the protrusions are compressed.
 19. The functional garment of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a smooth surface against the outer surface of the functional garment, wherein, at impact, the smooth surface does not deform such that an impact energy transferred to the living body is distributed among an entire surface area of the smooth surface.
 20. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises concentric rings of protrusions separated by concentric channels, wherein the channels are in fluid communication by apertures in the concentric rings of protrusions.
 21. The protective suit of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers supporting the armor plate is configured to deflect, upon receiving kinetic energy transferred from the impact at the armor plate, against the back of the armor plate such that motion of the plate relative to the wearer is reduced.
 22. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises recycled plasticized Polyvinyl chloride, wherein a durometer of the plurality of spacers is between Shore A 45 to Shore A
 60. 23. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises silicone.
 24. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises polyurethane.
 25. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises a plurality of spacer materials.
 26. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the plurality of spacers comprises at least one elongated spacer configured to engage at least two contact points.
 27. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the at least four points of contact comprise four distinct points of contact.
 28. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein the base garment comprises a harness, and wherein the plurality of spacers is releasably coupled to the harness.
 29. The functional garment of claim 28, wherein the harness comprises a handle configured to support a weight of the living body.
 30. The functional garment of claim 13, wherein at least one of the plurality of spacers comprises a plurality of spacer modules.
 31. The functional garment of claim 30, wherein the at least one of the plurality of spacers comprises a housing, wherein the plurality of spacer modules is disposed in the housing such that the plurality of spacer modules is releasably coupled to the garment by the housing. 